Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Electrification: Challenges, Policy Solutions, and Open Research Questions

Medium- and heavy-duty electric vehicles (MHDEVs) are a promising solution to decarbonizing our transportation sector. Not only is the technology advanced, but multiple stakeholders are generating momentum for the adoption of clean vehicles. However, many challenges remain. In this paper, we describe the economics of adoption, electric vehicle logistics and operations, vehicle manufacturing, required infrastructure investments, barriers to an equitable transition, and both positive and negative externalities. We also discuss low-carbon alternatives to diesel vehicles. We next discuss policy solutions for the challenges (including both existing and potential policies). Finally, based on our literature review, we present open research questions whose answers would help resolve the challenges.