Heavy-duty Trucks: The Challenge of Getting to Zero

This research examines the potential of zero-emission heavy-duty trucks (ZEHDTs) using simulation modeling and case studies. The study explores impacts of battery electric heavy-duty trucks (BEHDTs) and natural gas hybrid heavy-duty trucks in freight operations, considering performance and refueling differences. Findings indicate that BEHDT applications are limited in the near term due to range and charging constraints, but become viable for larger market segments as performance improves and costs decrease by 2025-2030. The research shows that while hybrid vehicles are most cost-effective for reducing air toxics in the short term, BEHDTs provide maximum air quality benefits by 2025. The study provides critical insights for policy strategies targeting freight decarbonization and public health improvements.