This report attempts to answer the question of why supply-side regulations are a preferred policy tool for meeting goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality and decrease fuel consumption. The Center for Law, Energy and the Environment (CLEE) at UC Berkeley Law drafted the report based on desk-research and stakeholder interviews conducted between October 2024 and January 2026. The goal is to inform the global regulatory and advocacy community as they seek to develop supply-side regulations in heavy-duty truck transportation.


