Near-term infrastructure deployment to support zero-emission medium- and heavy-duty vehicles in the United States

This comprehensive study assesses charging and refueling infrastructure needs for Class 4-8 vehicles through 2030. Findings show that 1.1 million zero-emission trucks and buses are projected by 2030, with infrastructure needs concentrated in 10 states led by Texas and California. The study identifies that 85% of long-haul tractor energy needs can be met by a national charging network of 10 MW depots along the National Highway Freight Network. Peak energy demand will be relatively small (1% of national electricity sales) but will require significant local distribution capacity upgrades, particularly in Southern California, the Texas triangle, and around major freight hubs.